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Monday 16 April 2012

NASA Weekly Digest Bulletin

Message 1
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/09/2012
Subject: T-38 Aircraft Fly Over Washington
You are subscribed to Large Image of the Day for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/09/2012 12:00 AM EDT

A NASA T-38 training jet is seen as it flies over Washington, DC, Thursday, April 5, 2012. NASA, in cooperation with the Federal Aviation Administration, conducted training and photographic flights over the DC metropolitan area. T-38 aircraft have been used for astronaut training for more than 30 years as they allow pilots and mission specialists to think quickly in changing situations, experiences astronauts say are critical to practicing for the rigors of spaceflight. Image Credit: NASA/Robert Markowitz



Message 2
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/09/2012
Subject: T-38 Aircraft Fly Over WashingtonYou are subscribed to Image of the Day for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/09/2012 12:00 AM EDT

A NASA T-38 training jet is seen as it flies over Washington, DC, Thursday, April 5, 2012. NASA, in cooperation with the Federal Aviation Administration, conducted training and photographic flights over the DC metropolitan area. T-38 aircraft have been used for astronaut training for more than 30 years as they allow pilots and mission specialists to think quickly in changing situations, experiences astronauts say are critical to practicing for the rigors of spaceflight. Image Credit: NASA/Robert Markowitz



Message 3
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/09/2012
Subject: Space Shuttle Era: Ferry FlightsYou are subscribed to Video Station for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/09/2012 12:00 PM EDT

When a shuttle orbiter travels from one place to another on Earth, it needs a lift -- a "ferry flight" -- aboard the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.



Message 4
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/09/2012
Subject: NASA NASA Podcasts UpdateYou are subscribed to NASA Podcasts for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/09/2012 12:00 PM EDT

When a shuttle orbiter travels from one place to another on Earth, it needs a lift -- a "ferry flight" -- aboard the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.



Message 5
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/09/2012
Subject: NASA Releases New Open Government PlanYou are subscribed to Breaking News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/09/2012 12:00 AM EDT

NASA today released version 2.0 of its Open Government Plan, which includes a flagship initiative to build a new web architecture and a renewed focus on open data sharing, open source development and a variety of technology acceleration efforts.



Message 6
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/09/2012
Subject: Space Shuttle Discovery to Fly Over Washington Metro Area April 17You are subscribed to Breaking News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/09/2012 12:00 AM EDT

NASA's 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) with space shuttle Discovery mounted atop will fly approximately 1,500 feet above various parts of the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area on Tuesday, April 17.



Message 7
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/09/2012
Subject: NASA Technology Officials Visit Case Western Reserve WednesdayYou are subscribed to Breaking News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/09/2012 12:00 AM EDT

NASA Chief Technologist Mason Peck and Space Technology Program Director Michael Gazarik will visit Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland on Wednesday, April 11, to meet with students and faculty and learn about the school's engineering and science programs.



Message 8
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/09/2012
Subject: NASA Ames Research Center News and Features UpdateYou are subscribed to Ames Research Center News and Features for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/09/2012 12:00 AM EDT



High school teams from the San Francisco Bay area demonstrated engineering, electronics and programming skills as they designed and built robots.
04/06/2012 12:00 AM EDT



Ames received the award for developing Toughened Uni-piece Fibrous Reinforced Oxidation-Resistant Composite (TUFROC).
04/09/2012 12:00 AM EDT



NASA's Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer has received its integrated propulsion system that will enable the spacecraft to reach the moon.



Message 9
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/10/2012
Subject: Space Shuttle Discovery to Fly Over Washington Metro Area April 17You are subscribed to Space Station News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/09/2012 12:00 AM EDT

NASA's 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) with space shuttle Discovery mounted atop will fly approximately 1,500 feet above various parts of the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area on Tuesday, April 17.



Message 10
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/10/2012
Subject: Chaos in the Orion NebulaYou are subscribed to Image of the Day for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/10/2012 12:00 AM EDT

Baby stars are creating chaos 1,500 light-years away in the cosmic cloud of the Orion Nebula. Four massive stars make up the bright yellow area in the center of this false-color image for NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope. Green indicates hydrogen and sulfur gas in the nebula, which is a cocoon of gas and dust. Red and orange indicate carbon-rich molecules. Infant stars appear as yellow dots embedded in the nebula. Image Credit: NASA



Message 11
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/10/2012
Subject: Chaos in the Orion NebulaYou are subscribed to Large Image of the Day for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/10/2012 12:00 AM EDT

Baby stars are creating chaos 1,500 light-years away in the cosmic cloud of the Orion Nebula. Four massive stars make up the bright yellow area in the center of this false-color image for NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope. Green indicates hydrogen and sulfur gas in the nebula, which is a cocoon of gas and dust. Red and orange indicate carbon-rich molecules. Infant stars appear as yellow dots embedded in the nebula. Image Credit: NASA



Message 12
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/10/2012
Subject: NASA Announces Student Winners in Space Game Design ChallengeYou are subscribed to Breaking News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/10/2012 12:00 AM EDT

Three school student teams in the fifth through eighth grades have been selected as the winners of NASA's second annual Spaced Out Sports challenge.



Message 13
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/10/2012
Subject: Shuttle Carrier Aircraft Arrives at KennedyYou are subscribed to Large Image of the Day for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/10/2012 12:00 AM EDT

The Shuttle Carrier Aircraft glides down the runway of the Shuttle Landing Facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The aircraft, known as an SCA, arrived at 5:35 p.m. EDT to prepare for shuttle Discovery’s ferry flight to the Washington Dulles International Airport in Sterling, Va., on April 17. This SCA, designated NASA 905, is a modified Boeing 747 jet airliner, originally manufactured for commercial use. One of two SCAs employed over the course of the Space Shuttle Program, NASA 905 is assigned to the remaining ferry missions, delivering the shuttles to their permanent public display sites. NASA 911 was decommissioned at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center in California in February. Discovery will be placed on permanent public display in the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, Va. Image Credit: NASA/Frankie Martin



Message 14
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/10/2012
Subject: Shuttle Carrier Aircraft Arrives at KennedyYou are subscribed to Image of the Day for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/10/2012 12:00 AM EDT

The Shuttle Carrier Aircraft glides down the runway of the Shuttle Landing Facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The aircraft, known as an SCA, arrived at 5:35 p.m. EDT to prepare for shuttle Discovery’s ferry flight to the Washington Dulles International Airport in Sterling, Va., on April 17. This SCA, designated NASA 905, is a modified Boeing 747 jet airliner, originally manufactured for commercial use. One of two SCAs employed over the course of the Space Shuttle Program, NASA 905 is assigned to the remaining ferry missions, delivering the shuttles to their permanent public display sites. NASA 911 was decommissioned at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center in California in February. Discovery will be placed on permanent public display in the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, Va. Image Credit: NASA/Frankie Martin



Message 15
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/11/2012
Subject: NASA Announces Student Winners in Space Game Design ChallengeYou are subscribed to Space Station News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/10/2012 12:00 AM EDT

Three school student teams in the fifth through eighth grades have been selected as the winners of NASA's second annual Spaced Out Sports challenge.



Message 16
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/11/2012
Subject: Shuttle Carrier Aircraft Arrives at Kennedy Space CenterYou are subscribed to Large Image of the Day for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/11/2012 12:00 AM EDT

The newly arrived Shuttle Carrier Aircraft is seen through the platforms of the mate-demate device at the Shuttle Landing Facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The aircraft, known as an SCA, arrived at 5:35 p.m. EDT on Tuesday, April 10, 2012, to prepare for shuttle Discovery’s ferry flight to the Washington Dulles International Airport in Sterling, Va., on April 17. This SCA, designated NASA 905, is a modified Boeing 747 jet airliner, originally manufactured for commercial use. One of two SCAs employed over the course of the Space Shuttle Program, NASA 905 is assigned to the remaining ferry missions, delivering the shuttles to their permanent public display sites. NASA 911 was decommissioned at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center in California in February. Discovery will be placed on permanent public display in the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, Va. Image Credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett



Message 17
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/11/2012
Subject: Shuttle Carrier Aircraft Arrives at Kennedy Space CenterYou are subscribed to Image of the Day for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/11/2012 12:00 AM EDT

The newly arrived Shuttle Carrier Aircraft is seen through the platforms of the mate-demate device at the Shuttle Landing Facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The aircraft, known as an SCA, arrived at 5:35 p.m. EDT on Tuesday, April 10, 2012, to prepare for shuttle Discovery’s ferry flight to the Washington Dulles International Airport in Sterling, Va., on April 17. This SCA, designated NASA 905, is a modified Boeing 747 jet airliner, originally manufactured for commercial use. One of two SCAs employed over the course of the Space Shuttle Program, NASA 905 is assigned to the remaining ferry missions, delivering the shuttles to their permanent public display sites. NASA 911 was decommissioned at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center in California in February. Discovery will be placed on permanent public display in the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, Va. Image Credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett



Message 18
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/11/2012
Subject: NASA Officials to Speak at National Space SymposiumYou are subscribed to Breaking News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/11/2012 12:00 AM EDT

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden and Deputy Administrator Lori Garver will provide remarks next week at the 28th Annual National Space Symposium in Colorado Springs, Colo.



Message 19
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/11/2012
Subject: NASA Kepler Mission UpdateYou are subscribed to Kepler Mission for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/04/2012 12:00 AM EDT



NASA's Kepler mission has been approved for extension through fiscal year 2016.
04/01/2012 12:00 AM EDT



On March 31 and April 1, team members from NASA Ames and the Kepler mission will participate in the first SpaceUp San Francisco event held at Citizen Space.
03/22/2012 12:00 AM EDT



On Feb. 29, 2012, a Kepler project team contingent briefed a senior review panel and NASA Headquarters members on a proposal for extending the Kepler baseline mission. On March 7, the Kepler mission team received the 2012 Aviation Week Laureate Award for Space.
03/08/2012 12:00 AM EST



NASA's Kepler mission has been named winner of the 2012 Aviation Week Laureate Award in the Space category.
03/07/2012 12:00 AM EST



Kepler has been selected as the 2012 recipient of the Space Foundation’s John L. "Jack" Swigert, Jr., Award for Space Exploration.



Message 20
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/11/2012
Subject: NASA Ames Research Center News and Features UpdateYou are subscribed to Ames Research Center News and Features for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/11/2012 12:00 AM EDT



Reporters are invited to attend a one-hour guided tour of NASA’s Offshore Membrane Enclosure for Growing Algae (OMEGA) system on April 17, 2012.
04/11/2012 12:00 AM EDT



NASA's newest building also is one of the nation's greenest. News media are invited to tour the facility, called Sustainability Base, on Thursday, April 19, 2012.



Message 21
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/12/2012
Subject: STS-1 LaunchYou are subscribed to Large Image of the Day for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/12/2012 12:00 AM EDT

On April 12, 1981, astronauts John Young and Bob Crippen launched into space on space shuttle Columbia on the STS-1 mission--NASA's first mission aboard a reusable spacecraft. STS-1 was NASA's first manned mission since the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975. In this image, the two solid rocket boosters are aglow after being jettisoned. Image Credit: NASA



Message 22
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/12/2012
Subject: STS-1 LaunchYou are subscribed to Image of the Day for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/12/2012 12:00 AM EDT

On April 12, 1981, astronauts John Young and Bob Crippen launched into space on space shuttle Columbia on the STS-1 mission--NASA's first mission aboard a reusable spacecraft. STS-1 was NASA's first manned mission since the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975. In this image, the two solid rocket boosters are aglow after being jettisoned. Image Credit: NASA



Message 23
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/12/2012
Subject: NESC Newsletter (April 12, 2012)
NESC Newsletter Issue6
Newsletter Issue 6 - April 12, 2012

Learn more about the NASA Engineering & Safety Center (NESC) background and organization.
+ NESC Trifold
+ What is the NESC?
+ 2011 Technical Update
Reliability of Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (COPVs)
The NESC team will be testing composite strands and developing analytical methods to improve confidence in reliability estimates.  Collection of strand data from testing can provide a more comprehensive understanding of COPV stress rupture behavior.  After the assessment is completed, reliability models of the stress rupture failure mode of COPVs will be available to help ensure safety and reliability of COPVs.  Read more...

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NESC Support to NASA Office of the Chief Technologist
Space Technology Roadmap Development Support Currently, within NASA, there is a renewed emphasis on innovation and technology development.  This has been prompted by the 2011 NASA Strategic Plan, which highlights the critical need for the Agency to invest in next-generation technologies and approaches to provide the advanced space technologybase essential to NASA’s achieving important goals in space exploration and science.  Read more...
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NESC’s Cynthia Null accepts a Special Award from the Mining Foundation The NESC’s Cynthia Null, NASA Technical Fellow for Human Factors, accepted a Special Citation from the Annual American Mining Foundation for the NESC’s contribution in rescuing the Chilean Miners.  Read more...
Cori Hoag of the MFSW with the NESC's Cynthia Null Credit: Ted Hewitt Photography
Cori Hoag of the MFSW with the NESC's Cynthia Null

Credit: Ted Hewitt Photography

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Vision Navigation System Flight Experiment Development Problem: The NESC, responding to the need to develop and mature guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) component technology, initiated a technical assessment in November 2010 to perform a risk-reducing technology demonstration of an advanced version of the Orion crew module vision navigation system (VNS).    Read more...

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Pyrovalve Booster Interface Temperature Measurement

Benjamin Gonzalez, Jacobs Scientist (seated) shows close-ups of post-firing PCAs to project leader, Steve McDougle (left), and assessment lead, Regor Saulsberry. Problem: The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Project is using pyrovalves with stainless steel primer chamber assemblies with a “V” channel shape (V-PCA) rather than the heritage aluminum design with a "Y" channel shape (Y-PCA).  The design was changed to reduce flame channel melting/erosion, eliminate potential obstructions at the channel intersection, and reduce variability.  Read more...
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Icing Research Tunnel Force Measurement System Evaluation

Problem: GRC’s Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) is one of NASA’s unique aerodynamic test facilities.  It is one of the largest icing wind tunnels in the world and is constantly in high demand due to this unique capability. One of the tunnel's main features is a large external balance and turntable system.  The tunnel needs to update this force measurement system (FMS) to increase the force and moment measurement accuracy and to improve facility throughput.  This FMS was designed and built in the early 1980s by civil servants who have since retired and GRC no longer has in-house knowledge of how best to upgrade the system.  The NESC was requested to assess the current system, develop new concepts if required, and develop cost estimates and specifications for any suggested upgrades.  Read more... Concept for GRC IRT Force Measurement System (FMS)
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For More Information For additional information on the NESC, please visit: http://nesc.nasa.gov.

The NESC is on Facebook now, please check out our page to stay updated on current NESC activities.

Shell Buckling Knockdown Factor (SBKF) is on Facebook, please check out the SBKF page to stay updated on current SBKF activities.

Please subscribe to future news updates and forward to others that may be interested.

If you missed a previous newsletter, it's not too late, you can review them here.

The NESC Management and Technical Support Office (MTSO) produces this news publication. For questions or comments, please contact larc-dl-support-nesc@mail.nasa.gov.

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Do you have a technical concern?
Please contact the NESC at: NESC@nasa.gov
If you would like to submit a technical request anonymously, please mail it to:
NESC
NASA Langley Research Center
Mail Stop 118
Hampton, VA 23681
 
NESC logo


In This Issue:
Reliability of Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (COPVs)
NESC Support to NASA Office of the Chief Technologist
NESC’s Cynthia Null accepts a Special Award from the Mining Foundation
Vision Navigation System Flight Experiment Development
Pyrovalve Booster Interface Temperature Measurement
Icing Research Tunnel Force Measurement System Evaluation
For More Information

A notional representation of the VNS flash LIDAR illuminating the ISS to determine range and bearing relative navigation information. A notional representation of the VNS flash LIDAR illuminating the ISS to determine range and bearing relative navigation information.



Message 24
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/12/2012
Subject: Commercial Platform Offers Exposure at Space StationYou are subscribed to Breaking News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/12/2012 12:00 AM EDT

Researchers will be able to expose experiments to the weightlessness and vacuum of space by using a new commercial platform outside of International Space Station (ISS).



Message 25
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/12/2012
Subject: NASA's WISE Mission Sees Skies Ablaze With BlazarsYou are subscribed to Breaking News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/12/2012 12:00 AM EDT

Astronomers are actively hunting a class of supermassive black holes throughout the universe called blazars thanks to data collected by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE).



Message 26
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/12/2012
Subject: NASA Hosts Teleconference on Status of New Mars Program PlansYou are subscribed to Breaking News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/12/2012 12:00 AM EDT

NASA will host a media teleconference at 1 p.m. EDT on Friday, April 13, to provide an update about the framework and schedule of the newly formed Mars Program Planning Group (MPPG).



Message 27
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/13/2012
Subject: NASA's WISE Mission Sees Skies Ablaze With BlazarsYou are subscribed to Universe News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/12/2012 12:00 AM EDT

Astronomers are actively hunting a class of supermassive black holes throughout the universe called blazars thanks to data collected by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE).



Message 28
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/13/2012
Subject: Commercial Platform Offers Exposure at Space StationYou are subscribed to Space Station News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/12/2012 12:00 AM EDT

Researchers will be able to expose experiments to the weightlessness and vacuum of space by using a new commercial platform outside of International Space Station (ISS).



Message 29
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/13/2012
Subject: Discovery of the Musket Ball ClusterYou are subscribed to Chandra X-Ray Observatory Images for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/12/2012 12:00 AM EDT

The "Musket Ball Cluster" is providing valuable insight into how galaxy clusters grow and change after major collisions.



Message 30
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/13/2012
Subject: Apollo 13You are subscribed to Large Image of the Day for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/13/2012 12:00 AM EDT

NASA's Apollo 13 was slated to be the United States' third lunar landing mission. It launched April 11, 1970, at 2:13 p.m. EST from Launch Pad 39A in Florida. From left to right are mission commander Jim Lovell, command module pilot John Swigert and lunar module pilot Fred W. Haise. The mission was aborted after the service module oxygen tank ruptured. Still, the mission was classified as a "successful failure" because of the experience gained in rescuing the crew. As the crew finished a 49-minute TV broadcast showing how comfortably they lived and worked in weightlessness on the evening of April 13, Lovell finished the interview stating, "This is the crew of Apollo 13 wishing everybody there a nice evening, and we're just about ready to close out our inspection of Aquarius and get back for a pleasant evening in Odyssey. Good night." Nine minutes later, oxygen tank No. 2 blew up, causing the No. 1 tank to also fail. The command module's normal supply of electricity, light and water was lost. The crew was about 200,000 miles from Earth. After an intensive investigation, the Apollo 13 Accident Review Board identified the cause of the explosion. In 1965, the command mudule had undergone many improvements that included raising the permissible voltage to the heaters in the oxygen tanks from 28 to 65 volts DC. Unfortunately, the thermostatic switches on these heaters weren't modified to suit the change. During one final test on the launch pad, the heaters were on for a long period of time. This subjected the wiring in the vicinity of the heaters to very high temperatures (1,000 degrees F), which were subsequently shown to have severely degraded the Teflon insulation. The thermostatic switches started to open while powered by 65 volts DC and were probably welded shut. Furthermore, other warning signs during testing went unheeded and the tank, damaged from eight hours of overheating, was a potential bomb the next time it was filled with oxygen. That bomb exploded on April 13, 1970 -- 200,000 miles from Earth. The Apollo 13 crew safely landed in the Pacific on April 17, 1970. Image Credit: NASA



Message 31
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/13/2012
Subject: Apollo 13You are subscribed to Image of the Day for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/13/2012 12:00 AM EDT

NASA's Apollo 13 was slated to be the United States' third lunar landing mission. It launched April 11, 1970, at 2:13 p.m. EST from Launch Pad 39A in Florida. From left to right are mission commander Jim Lovell, command module pilot John Swigert and lunar module pilot Fred W. Haise. The mission was aborted after the service module oxygen tank ruptured. Still, the mission was classified as a "successful failure" because of the experience gained in rescuing the crew. As the crew finished a 49-minute TV broadcast showing how comfortably they lived and worked in weightlessness on the evening of April 13, Lovell finished the interview stating, "This is the crew of Apollo 13 wishing everybody there a nice evening, and we're just about ready to close out our inspection of Aquarius and get back for a pleasant evening in Odyssey. Good night." Nine minutes later, oxygen tank No. 2 blew up, causing the No. 1 tank to also fail. The command module's normal supply of electricity, light and water was lost. The crew was about 200,000 miles from Earth. After an intensive investigation, the Apollo 13 Accident Review Board identified the cause of the explosion. In 1965, the command mudule had undergone many improvements that included raising the permissible voltage to the heaters in the oxygen tanks from 28 to 65 volts DC. Unfortunately, the thermostatic switches on these heaters weren't modified to suit the change. During one final test on the launch pad, the heaters were on for a long period of time. This subjected the wiring in the vicinity of the heaters to very high temperatures (1,000 degrees F), which were subsequently shown to have severely degraded the Teflon insulation. The thermostatic switches started to open while powered by 65 volts DC and were probably welded shut. Furthermore, other warning signs during testing went unheeded and the tank, damaged from eight hours of overheating, was a potential bomb the next time it was filled with oxygen. That bomb exploded on April 13, 1970 -- 200,000 miles from Earth. The Apollo 13 crew safely landed in the Pacific on April 17, 1970. Image Credit: NASA



Message 32
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/13/2012
Subject: NASA Planning Group Takes Key Steps for Future Mars ExplorationYou are subscribed to Breaking News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/13/2012 12:00 AM EDT

NASA's Mars Program Planning Group (MPPG), established to assist the agency in developing a new strategy for the exploration of the Red Planet, has begun analyzing options for future robotic missions and enlisting the assistance of scientists and engineers worldwide.



Message 33
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/13/2012
Subject: NASA Television to Air FameLab Astrobiology Finals from AtlantaYou are subscribed to Breaking News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/13/2012 12:00 AM EDT

Young scientists are competing to see who is the best communicator. NASA Television will air the FameLab Astrobiology final competition on Monday, April 16, from 7-9 p.m. EDT, live from the Georgia Tech Hotel and Conference Center in Atlanta.



Message 34
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/13/2012
Subject: NASA Chief Technologist Peck To Visit San Mateo Company TuesdayYou are subscribed to Breaking News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/13/2012 12:00 AM EDT

Reporters are invited to join NASA Chief Technologist Mason Peck on Tuesday, April 17, during his visit to Stottler Henke in San Mateo, Calif. at 10:30 a.m. PDT.



Message 35
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/13/2012
Subject: This Week @ NASA, April 13, 2012You are subscribed to Audio This Week @ NASA for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/13/2012 12:00 PM EDT




Message 36
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/13/2012
Subject: This Week @ NASA, April 13, 2012You are subscribed to Video This Week @ NASA for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/13/2012 12:00 PM EDT




Message 37
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/13/2012
Subject: This Week @ NASA, April 13, 2012You are subscribed to NASA Audio Podcast for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/13/2012 12:00 PM EDT




Message 38
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/13/2012
Subject: NASA NASA Podcasts UpdateYou are subscribed to NASA Podcasts for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/13/2012 12:00 PM EDT




Message 39
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/14/2012
Subject: NASA Television to Air FameLab Astrobiology Finals from AtlantaYou are subscribed to Universe News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/13/2012 12:00 AM EDT

Young scientists are competing to see who is the best communicator. NASA Television will air the FameLab Astrobiology final competition on Monday, April 16, from 7-9 p.m. EDT, live from the Georgia Tech Hotel and Conference Center in Atlanta.



Message 40
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/14/2012
Subject: NASA Television to Air FameLab Astrobiology Finals from AtlantaYou are subscribed to Solar System News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/13/2012 12:00 AM EDT

Young scientists are competing to see who is the best communicator. NASA Television will air the FameLab Astrobiology final competition on Monday, April 16, from 7-9 p.m. EDT, live from the Georgia Tech Hotel and Conference Center in Atlanta.



Message 41
From: NASA News Services <nasa_subscriptions@service.govdelivery.com>
Date: 04/14/2012
Subject: NASA Planning Group Takes Key Steps for Future Mars ExplorationYou are subscribed to Solar System News for NASA. This information has recently been updated, and is now available.
04/13/2012 12:00 AM EDT

NASA's Mars Program Planning Group (MPPG), established to assist the agency in developing a new strategy for the exploration of the Red Planet, has begun analyzing options for future robotic missions and enlisting the assistance of scientists and engineers worldwide.

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